THE JOURNEY
We live in a challenging time of mixed fortunes and tumultuous events, and in the west the narratives of these times are communicated through the well-worn paths of partisan media and political positions; of victims and oppressors, revolutionaries and reactionaries. The question however is posed, does this represent the reality of the majority of the people on this planet, or are they just the views of a very small - yet vocal - and privileged minority in the west? This article explores important events and subjects of our time from the position of the rest of the world, the developing world, those outsiders without a voice, and of rational-critical thinkers. The origins of the concept of this article was inspired during a business trip to South Africa in 2025.
I work for a large corporation in North Sydney, Australia as an analyst and subject matter expert in several fields and had the privilege to have spent several weeks in South Africa in February of 2025 to visit the corporate headquarters of the company I work for. It was a productive trip, but an important and seminal time for this writer in that it was the catalyst to reexamine and reconsider many previously held opinions and beliefs, that up to that point I held as a privileged westerner. A brief narrative of the trip is required here to provide some context, and also a further exploration of the economic and social conditions that I found, which are common to vulnerable peoples from around the developing world.

Australia and South Africa are two of the southernmost nations on the planet, and flying to South Africa from Sydney one becomes aware of this. Upon flying from Sydney the flight path heads southwards past Melbourne and once the flight heads west, one can see Antarctica on the flight path. In South Africa I spent my time in Johannesburg, Pilanesberg National Park, Cape Town and its surrounds. South Africa is a lush green country. Yes, it’s chaotic, and there are problems with maintenance of its infrastructure, but I found the nation and its people beautiful.
In Johannesburg as part of my corporate obligations, I participated in a youth employment volunteering activity at Harambee.Harambee is an anchor partner in a breakthrough platform called SA Youth which brings together many partners to create a single national network to allow young people to access a wide selection of jobs and skilling opportunities, and for opportunity holders to access young engaged jobseekers.I participated in two mock- interviews each with two jobseeker participants in the program. To meet some of these dynamic, bright and happy young Black South African people seeking job opportunities - and from challenging backgrounds from Soweto, who displayed such optimism and joy, was very humbling.
My other work obligations took me to Pilanesberg National Park and stayed at a luxury resort and went on safaris on this ancient landscape , explored Johannesburg and visited Mandela House, which was an emotional experience. Then flew to Cape Town and stayed in a luxury hotel and when not fulfilling corporate obligations there, explored the town, travelled to Table Mountain overlooking Cape Town, spent a day at Groot Constantia, South Africa's oldest wine estate that dates back to 1685, and drove down to Hout Bay, Chapman’s Peak Drive Lookout Point and then to the very tip of South Africa, and sailing. It was all stunning and glorious, but what amazed me the most was the people!

What shocked me the most during my stay in South Africa were the economic and social inequalities that I discovered, and directly from Black South Africans that I had the honour to meet and become friends with to this day.While they are structurally unique due to the localised legacy of apartheid, the economic and food insecurity issues affecting Black South Africans are representative of and share fundamental characteristics with those of vulnerable populations across the developing world.The median monthly income for Black South Africans is approximately R5,200 (about $315 USD). The unemployment rate among Black South Africans stands at approximately 35.8% to 37.6%, compared to roughly 6.7% to 8.1% for white South Africans.
Severe food insecurity and chronic hunger affect millions of Black South Africans due to deep systemic poverty; high unemployment, extreme economic inequality, and rising living costs. While the average South African eats two to three meals a day, approximately one in four families experiences regular hunger, forcing individuals—particularly parents—to skip meals for days or severely ration what they eat to survive. Because of South Africa's historic and continuing wealth disparity, hunger and malnutrition are heavily racialised, concentrated almost exclusively among Black South Africans.
I had the opportunity and good fortune to befriend a South African work colleague, his name is Themba, and he is from the Zulu nation. To this day he calls me brother and I call him brother, and we found that regardless of our differences of race, beliefs, culture, environment and upbringing, that we found much commonality in ethics, morality and outlooks. We discovered that though, he an African from the Zulu nation, and I an Australian of Greek background, that there were many similarities. For a period of time as a boy I lived in the tribal highlands of Epirus in northwestern Greece in the 70’s during the military dictatorship. It was a time of harsh economic deprivation, we had no electricity or running water, and the culture was a pastoral-tribal organisation, rigid conformist patriarchal structure with taboos, personal honour codes, ancestral beliefs, and a warrior code. My friend Themba found that this resonated much with his Zulu culture. The other day in one of our regular calls, we discussed one theme, that if Themba and I can transcend our identities, find commonality and forge a strong bond of friendship, then why not others from around the world? To bridge religious, racial, political and cultural differences.To find friendship and fraternity rather than hatred, violence, prejudice, conflict and chaos.
In one of my favourite books in my library titled ‘The Self Illusion’, by cognitive neuroscientist Bruce Hood, he explores how our sense of a single, permanent identity is a construction of the brain. Rather than being a fixed entity, our identity is fluid and context-dependent, and constantly evolving to fit external environments and social roles. In one quote from his book, he states; “You only exist as a pattern made up of all the others things in your life that shape you. If you take each away, “you” would eventually cease to exist. This does not mean that you do not exist at all, but rather that you exist as a combination of all the others who complete your sense of self.”
Then we come to the current issues affecting the developed world, Europe and the west, but before I discuss these, going back to my conversations with some of these humble, economically challenged yet proud Black South Africans. When in conversation, and geopolitical, economic and political issues would come up, I would ask them what their opinions were? On Ukraine, Russia, on Israel/Palestine, the EU, the Middle East, the environment and carbon emissions, social media, protest causes, and their responses were all the same, that they were too hungry and poor to think of anything other than trying to find enough resources to feed themselves and keep the electricity on. To them, these western obsessions were a luxury that they could not afford to dwell on. This both struck me and humbled me. I had much to consider in what was important. If people in the developing world thought this way - 84% of the world’s population - then what made our concerns in the west more important than theirs?
THE DEVELOPED WORLD
On Donald Trump, since his inauguration in January of 2025, much has changed in the world and many of his decisions chaotic, but before reviewing these, a brief background is required on this writer’s political history to provide some context to the opinions expressed in the remainder of this article. When I graduated from High School in Australia, I joined a far- left radical green environmentalist group for a few years. Though I had received a classical education and was well read, and the young intellectual in me had many doubts, I needed a flag to embrace, beliefs to fill an existential void, plus it was the fashion. Then after several years, once I recognised that their beliefs were corrupt and wrapped in ego, a poor attempt to fill a vacuum that many secular and atheist young men and women felt they needed to embrace to give them meaning, but which in effect achieved nothing but conflict, bitterness and protest, I left them. Then during my 20’s and 30’s I was gainfully employed and travelled the world. I then joined the conservative movement, the Liberal Party, Australia’s version of the Republican Party. I met the former Prime Minister John Howard, the former Treasurer Joe Hockey in party functions here in the north shore of Sydney. Then years later, disillusioned, I left them as well.

Now a humanist and an existentialist - and with age comes wisdom - and the realisation that the political movements of the left and the right that have underpinned the western world throughout the Twentieth Century are historical anachronisms whose time have come and gone.Yet they still influence the politics of today, with partisan politicians making political and economic decisions based on either a Marxist-Socialist utopian ideal of redistributionism, or a far-right clinging to a golden age thinking of an idealised past when all was well in the world of pure capitalist and homogeneous societies, instead of making rational decisions that will benefit all of their peoples.
On reflecting on Trump, he is a failed transactional businessman now President and completely unsuited to the role and has lowered the gravitas of his office. During his second term he has undertaken a series of actions on trade, military interventions and damaging geopolitical decisions. His decisions and actions have been both counterproductive and destructive and damaged global stability and long-term US interests, and has irrevocably damaged America’s reputation.
He has withdrawn the U.S. from the Paris Climate Agreement, severed ties with the World Health Organisation, and froze billions of dollars in international development, global health programs and migration humanitarian aid. He has destroyed the global multilateral trade system through the imposition of sweeping tariffs and damaged bilateral ties with allies. The imposition of a 12.5% tariff on America’s longtime ally Australia really hurt the image we had here in Australia of the US; that it caused cognitive dissonance is an understatement. This writer along with most of my fellow Australians have had a deep affection for the American people. They have contributed much during the Twentieth Century in literature, drama, music and the arts, but this President in a short time has unfortunately destroyed the reputation of their nation.

Then the final blows to America’s reputation were his support of tyrants and dictators, undermining NATO and Ukraine, the illegal invasion of Venezuela, and then his territorial ambitions on Canada, Greenland and the Panama Canal. Finally there was the completely irrational and illogical war on Iran which has interrupted global energy and supply chains and has been the major catalyst in fuelling inflation and the cost of living not only internationally, but for his very own people. Then against this background we have the economic, debt problems and social issues in Europe to consider.
European debt problems are the result of various economic issues; from high government spending, lagging GDP rates, debt-to-GDP rates, and the monetary union. Many nations across Europe face budget shortfalls, gaps between tax inflows and expenditure funding. European economic growth has been sluggish for over a decade. Without strong GDP growth, countries cannot naturally shrink the relative size of their debt burden, leaving them heavily reliant on financial markets to refinance trillions of euros in outstanding bonds.
Then there is the issueof rising Bond yields, where as a result of the global inflation outlook and geopolitical events - the war in Ukraine, the threat to supply lanes and fuel costs due to the Iran conflict and the blockade of the Straits of Hormuz, the era of cheap money is over which has significantly escalated the costs of borrowing money for European governments and other governments around the world, including here in Australia.
For example in France, the Eurozone's second-largest economy, its public debt now climbs to 119% of GDP (€3.6 trillion) with annual budget deficits running near 5%, easily breaching the EU’s 3% limit. Then there are the increasing borrowing costs. The 10-year French government bond yield is 4.77% to 4.91%. As of the writing of this article, the 10-year Australian government bond yield is 5.00% to 5.02% (though Australia’s Gross Debt-to-GDP is 33.1%), and the 10-year US government bond yield is 4.86% to 4.89%. The reason why rising rates of 10-year government bond yields arebad economic signs, is because they dramatically increase the costs of borrowing for both the private and government sectors, and where for Governments, increasing portions of their national tax revenue must be spent servicing interest.
Then we consider the inherent weaknesses of the monetary union that combines various and disparate national economies of varying strengths and weaknesses through the adoption of one currency, one central bank and interest rate policy, that denies national governments the ability to manage supply and demand through the mechanisms of their own currencies and interest rate settings. This inherently is one of the weaknesses of the monetary union; that by the adoption of a single currency and a single monetary authority, member states have in turn surrendered two critical macroeconomic levers - exchange rate flexibility and independent monetary policy (interest rates).
Finally the other major factor affecting many nations around the world is falling fertility rates that could affect economic viability. Falling fertility rates are also a problem here in Australia with a current fertility rate of 1.497. Over two-thirds of humanity live in countries where the fertility has dropped below the 2.1 population replacement threshold. As workforces around the world shrink in advanced and middle-income nations, the raw volume of economic output face severe structural downward pressure. As fewer children are born the proportion of retirees over age 65 expands rapidly. Where a smaller tax base of younger workers is left to fund skyrocketing public expenditures for welfare programs, elderly healthcare and national pension systems, threatening to trigger higher national debts or aggressive tax hike policies.
Countries like Italy have seen historic lows in daily births, and France has recorded post-WWII lows in birth numbers, threatening tax bases and public service funding for education and senior care. My home country Greece is also facing severe issues due to its fertility rate of 1.22 to 1.27, causing schools across Greece to shut down.

Then there is the issue of immigration into Europe, irregular immigration and asylum seekers and refugees. Yes, there are responses - both social and political in the argument for-and-against the migration issue, but using rational thinking, this is a potential solution to European falling fertility rates and the subsequent economic problems. Either increase fertility rates, or address this through immigration. As someone myself who comes from a migrant family, one of the blessings of living here in Australia is that it is a thoroughly successful multicultural society. My friends consist of Australians and people here from around the world - Africa, India, the Middle East, Asia and Europe - and as a result is an energising and exciting place to be at the moment. Immigration and multinationalism here have shown that they work!

What this writer is proposing for Europe is considered in Europe as controversial and the opinion of an outsider. But as a European passport holder and someone living on the outside, this affords one some clarity. Yes, there are issues, two thirds of refugees and asylum seekers are males, and certain cultural beliefs that are brought in are considered from a western perspective patriarchal and misogynistic; but with a unified and carefully thought out immigration policy, nothing is impossible. The fact is that the concept of the nation state is two hundred to four hundred years old, and the nomadic instinct of mankind to wander the world seeking to improve the quality of life is at least three hundred thousand years old. The construct of nation states can only keep out for so long the primordial nomadic instincts of man.
The question is what can Europe do to revitalise itself? How can it address the challenge of new beliefs and customs that are contrary to the core tenets of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights? This writer can speak from experience on misogynist and patriarchal attitudes having grown up in a native Greek culture which has traditionally been misogynistic and patriarchal - and still is - and have seen much and witnessed much. But can attest that when we migrated to the new world, and on attaining wisdom, this writer transcended the illusion of identity and reinvented identity by consciously throwing out some of the old baggage of European culture and keeping the best parts of value and combined them with new culture and beliefs that I found here in Australia. An egalitarian nation where all men and women are equal, all people of different races, beliefs and orientations are equal. Unencumbered of historical baggage and views, life in this new, multicultural and multiracial land is glorious and vital!
In Plato’s work ‘The Republic’, on the allegory of the cave, Socrates describes prisoners chained in an underground cave who mistake shadows projected on a wall as reality, illustrating how people grow attached to illusions, and resist truth and education when it challenges what they are used to believing, and he states; “Most people are not just comfortable in their ignorance, but hostile to anyone who points it out.” Hopefully we too in our modern world can transcend our illusions of fixed beliefs and identities and find some truths. Then finally, we can all truly start moving forward and make our world a better place.
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All photos including the cover photo by Nikos Laios
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