Bronislaw Malinowski (1884-1942) whose birth anniversary we note on 7 April was a leading professor of anthropology at the London School of Economics during the 1920s and 1930s. He was to do six months of field work in the Trobriand Islands of what is now New Guinea in 1914. He was there when the First World War broke out, and he feared that if he returned to England, he might be arrested as an “enemy alien”.
Malinowski was born in Cracow in today’s Poland but at the time was part of the Austrian empire. He had studied and received a doctorate at Jagrellonian University where his father was a professor, and then gone to teach in England.
Thus rather than six months in the Trobriand Islands, he stayed from 1914 to 1919 when he returned to England. There he wrote “Argonauts of the Western Pacific”, published in 1922, which created a new style of participant observation in anthropology.
However, Bronislaw Malinowski wanted to build a new model of social anthropology to meet some of the basic problems facing humanity. His emphasis was on how society is structured to meet the basic needs of the individual. Malinowski helped to make the London School of Economics a leading English institution for anthropology. He had as student's people who became well known in the field.
As a leading teacher of anthropology, Bronislaw Malinowski was asked by the British government to carry out studies on social change in the British colonies of Africa as well as in South Africa. He had Jomo Kenyatta, who became the Kenyan nationalist leader, as a student.
Malinowski spoke German and was always interested by German thought. Thus he followed with deep concern the rise of Nazi power in Germany and then Austria. He wrote:
“The ethics pervade the teaching and the line of action of Nazism are the glorification of force at the expense of justice; the exaltation of war as against peace; the gospel of preparedness for destruction as against negotiation at the council table. The Nazi faith is a pragmatic doctrine of spiritual and physical aggression; a dogma of arrogance and superiority. It produces a recrystalization of society on one principle and toward one end, that of war.”
Malinowski’s writings on totalitarianism were published by his wife after his death as “Freedom and Civilization”. He had died in the USA in 1942 at the age of 58 while teaching at Yale University.
Today, the understanding of the ways that culture shapes politics and socio-economic change is a vital need. Bronislaw Malinowski remains an important guide.
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Rene Wadlow, President, Association of World Citizens
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